Name: 瘋狂的荷蘭人破壞北海的計劃 (The Insane Dutch Plan to Dam the North Sea)
Uploaded: 2020-10-24T03:46:16.000Z
Duration: 10 min 38 s

基礎被動語態

this video is made possible by skill share.

這個視頻是由技能分享促成的。

The 1st 1000 people to use the link in my description will get a free trial of skill share premium.

使用我描述中的鏈接的前1000人將獲得技能分享高級版的免費試用。

You might be someone who wants to debate the cause, but there's no denying that the World Sea levels are getting higher.

你可能是一個想辯論原因的人，但不可否認的是，世界海平面正在變高。

Since 1900 the global sea level has risen by as much as 21 centimeters, and since just 1993 it's risen by 7.5 centimeters.

自1900年以來，全球海平面上升了21釐米之多，而從1993年開始，就上升了7.5釐米。

And many scientists expect that that rate of rise is going to accelerate across the course of the 21st century, to the point where, at the end, in 2100, we might see a rise by as much as 2.7 m.

許多科學家預計，在21世紀的整個過程中，上升的速度會加快，到2100年末，我們可能會看到上升2.7米之多。

From what we see today, that might not seem like very much, but the results of that would be catastrophic for countries across the world.

從我們今天看到的情況來看，這可能看起來並不是很嚴重，但其結果對世界各國來說將是災難性的。

And perhaps nowhere would end up getting slammed as hard by Poseidon's wrath as the Netherlands, which is uniquely vulnerable to rising sea levels and always has been.

也許沒有哪個地方會像荷蘭一樣，最終被波塞冬的怒火重重地砸中，荷蘭在海平面上升的過程中是獨一無二的，而且一直都很脆弱。

C, the ancient Greek geographer pie Theus said of the Netherlands as he was passing through it that more people here died in the struggle against water than in the struggle against men.

C、古希臘地理學家派-忒斯在經過荷蘭時說，這裡死於與水斗爭的人比死於與人鬥爭的人多。

Roughly one third of the land in the Netherlands is located beneath sea level, and two thirds of her land is considered to be extremely vulnerable to flooding.

荷蘭約有三分之一的土地位於海平面以下，三分之二的土地被認為極易遭受洪水侵襲。

And as a result, the Dutch have been fighting a war against the ocean that threatens them for centuries.

而荷蘭人也是以與威脅他們的海洋進行了數百年的戰爭。

And in the past they've come up with some pretty ingenious solutions to fight against their water problem.

而在過去，他們已經提出了一些非常巧妙的解決方案來對抗他們的水問題。

They've constructed Dykes, Dam's floodgates, canals, pumping stations and mawr all in their effort to push the C back.

他們修建了堤壩、大壩的水閘、運河、泵站和毛坯，都是為了把C推回去。

In 1933 the Netherlands completed construction of the off slight Dyke dam, which separated this historical body of water known as the soy jersey from the North Sea.

1933年，荷蘭完成了關小戴克大壩的建設，將這個被稱為大豆衣的歷史水體與北海隔開。

Over time, the soy jersey became a freshwater lake, and the Dutch even managed to drain some of it out reveal new lands for settlement.

隨著時間的推移，醬油衫變成了一個淡水湖，荷蘭人甚至設法將其中的一部分排出去，露出新的土地進行定居。

This new land that the Dutch managed to dig up from beneath the waves is roughly two twice the size of Singapore and is today home to over 400,000 people who now call it home.

荷蘭人設法從海浪下挖出的這塊新大陸，面積大約是新加坡的2倍，如今有40多萬人把這裡當成了家。

Without this complicated system that the Dutch have built over the centuries.

如果沒有荷蘭人幾百年來建立的這個複雜的體系。

The Netherlands would naturally looked like this today, and millions of people and buildings would all be underwater.

今天的荷蘭自然會是這個樣子，幾百萬人和建築都會在水下。

But the ocean has not entered into its final form yet, and the biggest challenge that the Netherlands may face from it is still ahead.

但海洋還沒有進入最終形態，荷蘭可能面臨的最大挑戰還在後面。

The current system that the Dutch have built is up to the standard that a single flood could be expected in the west of the country about once every 10,000 years, and in the rest of the country that's less inhabited about once every 4000 years.

目前荷蘭人建立的系統已經達到了這樣的標準：在我國西部，大約每1萬年就能發生一次洪水，而在我國其他人煙稀少的地區，大約每4000年就能發生一次洪水。

But the current system is not built according to the worst case projections for sea level rise by the end of the 21st century if sea levels do in fact end up rising up to 2.7 m higher than what they are today.

但是，如果海平面最終真的比現在高2.7米，那麼目前的系統並不是按照21世紀末海平面上升的最壞情況預測來建設的。

This is what the area around the Netherlands will end up looking like.

這就是荷蘭周邊地區最後的樣子。

Nearly half of the country is going to be underwater, including her most major and important cities like Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague and you tricked Belgium, Germany, Denmark, France and England will all suffer significant parts of their coastlines, going beneath the waves as well.

近一半的國家將被淹沒在水下，包括她最主要和最重要的城市，如阿姆斯特丹、鹿特丹、海牙和你騙比利時、德國、丹麥、法國和英國都將遭受其海岸線的重要部分，也將被淹沒在海浪之下。

So in the event that this ends up happening, only a very radical solution could push the ocean back.

所以在這種情況最終發生的情況下，只有非常激進的解決方案才能把海洋推回去。

And what better people to come up with that radical solution than the Dutch who have been fighting this very war for centuries?

還有什麼人比幾百年來一直在打這場戰爭的荷蘭人更適合提出這個激進的解決方案呢？

Enter the proposal made by a Dutch scientist and his German colleague.

進入一個荷蘭科學家和他的德國同事提出的建議。

Dubbed the Northern European enclosure Damn or need for short, the proposal calls for the construction of a Siris of colossal dams around the perimeter of the North Sea and the English Channel in order to block the rising sea levels from getting inside and threatening northern Europe.

被稱為北歐圍牆的Damn或簡稱需求，該提案要求在北海和英吉利海峽周邊建造一個巨大的水壩Siris，以阻止不斷上升的海平面進入內部，威脅北歐。

The shorter of these sections would be built across the channel from Cornwall in England over to Brittany in France, a distance of 161 kilometers across an average depth of roughly 85 m.

其中較短的一段將橫跨海峽，從英國的康沃爾到法國的布列塔尼，距離161公里，平均深度約85米。

Of course, to simplify the engineering challenges and resource is required, the dam could be constructed further back in the channel across the significantly more narrow Strait of Dover.

當然，為了簡化工程上的挑戰和所需的資源，大壩可以在河道的更後方建造，橫跨狹窄得多佛海峽。

But then it would be leading all of the land in southern England and northern France vulnerable to the wrathful ocean's waves.

但這樣一來，就會導致英格蘭南部和法國北部的所有土地容易受到憤怒的海浪的衝擊。

The northern part of the structure would be a collection of island hopping dams that originates in mainland Scotland and stretches from there out to the Orkney Islands and then, from there over to the Shetland Islands and then finally, from there it would stretch out 331 kilometers across the open ocean to western Norway.

該結構的北部將是一系列的跳島大壩，從蘇格蘭大陸出發，從那裡延伸到奧克尼群島，然後，從那裡延伸到設得蘭群島，最後，從那裡延伸出331公里，穿過公海，到達挪威西部。

This final section would, of course, be the most challenging to accomplish from an engineering perspective, particularly because the depth across most of it is well over 100 m.

當然，從工程的角度來看，這最後一部分將是最具挑戰性的，特別是由於它的大部分深度遠遠超過100米。

And once the damn approaches Norway, the depth dramatically increases toe well beyond 300 m in some places.

一旦接近挪威，水深就會急劇增加，有些地方甚至超過300米。

To make matters even worse, the finishing point for the dam here in western Norway isn't really connected to the Norwegian mainland.

更糟糕的是，挪威西部的大壩終點並不真正與挪威本土相連。

It's on an island called Sutra, so another small Siris of dams would have to be constructed from here over to the Norwegian mainland somewhere in order to completely enclosed northern Europe from the rising ocean outside.

它在一個叫蘇特拉的島上，所以必須從這裡到挪威大陸的某個地方再建一個小型的西里斯大壩，才能把北歐完全封閉起來，不讓外面的海洋上升。

The paper's authors claim that the total cost for this entire project would be somewhere between the range of 200 billion and 500 billion heroes.

該論文的作者稱，整個項目的總成本將在2000億到5000億英雄之間。

But they also note that that would be less than 0.1% of all the countries GDP is within the dam would have their coastlines devastated if they chose to do nothing.

但他們也注意到，這將是不到0.1％的所有國家的GDP是在大壩內將他們的海岸線破壞，如果他們選擇什麼都不做。

Instead, If the need ever does hypothetically get built in the future, it will give the countries around the North Sea the ability to do something very interesting.

相反，如果未來真的假設需要建設的話，就會讓北海周邊國家有能力做一些很有意思的事情。

They could begin to artificially control the sea level inside of the dam, which means that if they lowered it, they could begin to reveal lands that have been lost to humanity for thousands of years.

他們可以開始人工控制大壩內部的海平面，也就是說，如果他們降低海平面，就可以開始露出人類已經消失了幾千年的土地。

As recently as just 8000 years ago, the British islands were actually the British Peninsula because a huge piece of land existed where there's now only water between it and Europe.

就在8000年前，英倫群島其實是英倫半島，因為在現在與歐洲之間只有水的地方，存在著一塊巨大的陸地。

This land is known today as Dogger land, and roughly 8000 years ago, rising sea levels flooded this low elevated land and submerged it, which separated the higher hills of Britain from the European mainland.

這片土地今天被稱為多格地，大約在8000年前，海平面的上升淹沒了這片低海拔的土地，並將其淹沒，這就將英國的高丘與歐洲大陸隔開了。

If the need was constructed, though, the countries around the North Sea could begin to drain water out and reveal as much of this ancient land as they want for modern settlement and colonization, which might actually be vitally important.

不過如果需要建設的話，北海周邊的國家可以開始把水排出去，把這塊古老的土地儘可能多的露出來，供現代人定居和殖民，這其實可能是極其重要的。

Good land to resettle the million's of expected climate refugees from other, less fortunate parts of the world on the Netherlands could expand to become a super Netherlands who doubles, triples or even quadruples her current land size.

好的土地來安置來自世界上其他不那麼幸運的地方的百萬氣候難民，荷蘭可以擴大成為一個超級荷蘭，她的土地面積可以增加一倍、三倍甚至四倍。

But the geopolitical consequences of constructing the need and draining the water inside should bear some dire mention.

但是，建設需要和排幹內部的水所帶來的地緣政治後果，應該有一些嚴峻的提法。

First of all, the absolute shock of connecting Britain with Europe via land would almost certainly deal a huge psychological blow to a lot of people.

首先，通過陸路將英國與歐洲連接起來的絕對沖擊，幾乎肯定會給很多人帶來巨大的心理打擊。

Britain's whole identity is so wrapped up into being an island and being separated from the rest of Europe, so actually being connected by a piece of land to the European Union and the European continent that people and vehicles could just move freely across back and forth that couldn't be protected or defended by the Royal Navy would certainly be a problem to a lot of people.

英國的整個身份都被包裹成了一個島國，與歐洲其他國家隔絕，所以實際上用一塊土地連接著歐盟和歐洲大陸，人員和車輛就可以自由地來回穿梭，而這塊土地卻無法得到皇家海軍的保護和防守，這肯定會讓很多人感到困擾。

I'm sure I also cannot possibly imagine a scenario in which Russia would be happy that they're Baltic Sea Fleet and ports would be trapped within what's essentially a big bathtub.

我相信我也不可能想象出這樣一種情況：俄羅斯會很高興他們的波羅的海艦隊和港口會被困在一個大浴缸裡。

As I've said many times in many videos in the past, Russia's entire identity has been based around overcoming being effectively landlocked and their ports on the Baltic Sea or one of their only paths to trade and naval expansion out towards the larger global ocean.

正如我過去在許多視頻中多次說過的，俄羅斯的整個身份都是圍繞著克服被有效地內陸和他們在波羅的海上的港口或他們唯一的貿易和海軍向全球大洋擴張的路徑之一。

If the need was constructed, it would effectively check Russian naval ambitions and block them inside of the Baltic, leaving only the Black Sea as Russia's soul year round access into the world's oceans so they wouldn't be happy.

如果需要建設的話，可以有效制衡俄羅斯海軍的野心，把他們堵在波羅的海里面，只留下黑海作為俄羅斯常年進入世界海洋的靈魂，這樣他們就不樂意了。

And neither would international trade, either.

If the dams were constructed without any entrances or exits, then global trade would take a massive hit out of the top 10 busiest cargo ports in Europe.

如果大壩的建設沒有任何出入口，那麼全球貿易就會從歐洲最繁忙的十大貨運港口中大規模地受到衝擊。

Seven of them would all be located within the confines of the need.

其中7個將全部位於需要的範圍內。

Rotterdam, Antwerp, Hamburg, Amsterdam, Bremerhaven, Primorsk and the HOV.

鹿特丹、安特衛普、漢堡、阿姆斯特丹、不來梅港、普里莫斯克和HOV。

All of these ports combined make the English Channel the single busiest shipping route anywhere in the world, and the closure of it would almost certainly crashed the entire European economy.

所有這些港口加在一起，使英吉利海峽成為世界上任何地方最繁忙的一條航運線路，關閉英吉利海峽幾乎肯定會使整個歐洲經濟崩潰。

So there is going to need to be a way to get these ships out and back in, so that the spice continues to flow.

所以要想辦法讓這些船出去，再回來，讓香料繼續流動。

Finally, there is also the minor problem of the North Sea Channel and Baltic gradually turning into the world's biggest freshwater sea water circulation from the outside ocean would be obviously restricted from entering, whereas freshwater discharge from rivers like the Rhine amuse the Thames and dozens of others would just keep flowing in.

最後，還有一個小問題，就是北海海峽和波羅的海逐漸變成世界上最大的淡水海水循環，從外面的海洋進入會明顯受到限制，而萊茵河娛泰晤士河等幾十條河流的淡水排放就會一直流進來。

So over time, the body of water inside of the need would gradually turn into fresh water.

所以隨著時間的推移，需要裡面的水體會逐漸變成淡水。

And who knows what kind of catastrophic environmental problems that might end up having?

誰知道最後會有什麼樣的災難性環境問題呢？

In short, the authors of the Need paper do not intend that the construction of the dam should be the solution to global climate change.

簡而言之，"需要 "文件的作者並不打算把建造大壩作為解決全球氣候變化的辦法。

Rather, they published it as a warning to us all of the radical solutions the world might one day require.

相反，他們將其公佈為對我們所有人的警告，即有一天世界可能需要的激進解決方案。

If we don't fix the problem right now in the present, perhaps one day in the future we might end up needing to use the plan and will have to learn the proper engineering abilities and skills required to build it by then.

如果我們現在不把問題解決在當下，也許將來有一天，我們最終可能需要使用這個計劃，到時候就必須學習適當的工程能力和技能來建造它。

Normally, acquiring new skills requires a lot of commitment both in time and money, But skill share breaks those barriers down.

通常情況下，獲取新技能需要投入大量的時間和金錢，但技能共享打破了這些障礙。

You might not need the skills to build a dam that will save the world, but you might want to learn more about skills that will help you with something.

你可能不需要建造一個能拯救世界的大壩的技能，但你可能想多學習一些對你有幫助的技能。

You're passionate about wanna learn digital illustration?

I'd recommend the class digital illustration.

Learn to use procreate by your own Vogel.

學會使用自己的沃格的procreate。

Wanna learn how to animate your own YouTube videos?

想學習如何為自己的YouTube視頻製作動畫嗎？

I'd suggest my friend Polly Matters class, simply titled Make Animated YouTube videos.

我建議我的朋友Polly Matters上課，簡單的說就是製作動畫YouTube視頻。

When you become a member of skill share, you could take these classes as well as thousands of others on nearly any subject you can imagine, ranging from productivity to cinematography to find arts and mawr.

當你成為會員的技能共享，你可以採取這些類以及成千上萬的其他幾乎任何主題，你可以想象，從生產力到電影攝影找到藝術和毛利。

It's the absolute perfect activity for whenever you're stuck at home, have a lot of free time.

每當你被困在家裡，有很多空閒時間時，這絕對是最完美的活動。

Or if you'd like to sharpen up your school or work skills.

或者如果你想磨練一下自己的學習或工作技能。

Best of although you could get a completely free trial of skill share premium by being one of the 1st 1000 people who use the link down in my description.

最重要的是，雖然你可以得到一個完全免費的試用技能共享溢價的第1,000人誰使用我的描述中的鏈接下來。

 By doing this, you can achieve all of your own personal learning goals and help support my channel at the same time. 

通過這樣做，你可以實現你自己所有的個人學習目標，同時幫助支持我的管道。